Modalities

An optical brain monitoring technique that uses near-infrared light for the purpose of functional neuroimaging, by measuring hemoglobin concentration changes associated with neural activity.

Dense grid of electrodes for capturing high-resolution spatial patterns of brain activity (applied in EEG, ECoG, or MEA designs).

An invasive device composed of numerous microscopic electrodes designed to be implanted directly into the brain's cortex.[2, 29] MEAs offer the highest spatial resolution of any BCI modality, capable of recording the action potentials (spikes) of individual neurons or small neuronal populations, which provides the fine-grained information necessary for complex control tasks like operating a multi-fingered robotic hand.[13, 30]