Experimental designs and setups

Group exposed to the experimental manipulation or BCI intervention.

Application of digital or analog filters to remove unwanted components or noise from brain signals.

A filter that allows frequencies above a certain cutoff to pass and attenuates lower frequencies.

The period of time between the end of one stimulus and the start of the next stimulus

The period of time between separate trials within a session.

Variability or measurements compared between different subjects in a study.

Variability or measurements taken within the same subject across different times or conditions.

A standardized protocol and software framework for synchronized acquisition, processing, and sharing of multimodal brain imaging data streams.

Study design in which the same subjects are followed and measured across multiple sessions or points in time.

A filter that allows frequencies below a certain cutoff to pass and attenuates higher frequencies.

The specific spatial configuration and arrangement of electrodes during neural signal acquisition.

Experimental design requiring a subject to participate in several sessions over days or weeks.

A filter designed to remove a specific frequency (often line noise, e.g., 50/60 Hz) from EEG data.

The ending time point of stimulus or event presentation in a trial.

The initial time point of stimulus or event presentation during a trial.

EEG feature identifying the frequency at which maximum signal power occurs, often related to cognitive states.

EEG feature describing the relationship between the phase of low-frequency and amplitude of high-frequency oscillations.

EEG feature measuring the distribution of power across frequency bands, useful for analyzing neural rhythms.

Assignment of subjects or sessions to conditions in a random manner to reduce bias.

A stable electrode or signal used as the baseline comparison point for measured neural signals.