Basic concepts and types
23 termsa BCI system relies on intentional mental effort (e.g., motor imagery) to trigger commands
A type of Passive BCI that detects a user's emotional states (e.g., anxiety, happiness, or frustration) by analyzing brain signals and adapting the system accordingly.
A BCI system that is designed to communicate with non-human Brain
A BCI system that allows the user to issue commands at any time (at their own pace) without waiting for a cue from the computer; the system continuously monitors brain signals to detect control intent.
A BCI system that combines two functions: reading brain signals to control an external device, and writing signals (stimulation) back to the brain to provide sensory feedback.
A direct communication pathway between the brain's neural activity and an external device. It functions by recording brain signals (often through electrodes), decoding those signals into commands using computer algorithms, and executing those commands to control a machine or prosthetic, often providing sensory feedback to the user to create a closed-loop system.
Officially Verified Term A brain-computer interface is a system that measures brain activity and converts it in (nearly) real-time into functionally useful outputs to replace, restore, enhance, supplement, and/or improve the natural outputs of the brain, thereby changing the ongoing interactions between the brain and its external or internal environments. It may additionally modify brain activity using targeted delivery of stimuli to create functionally useful inputs to the brain.
a BCI system that combines brain signals from several people in order to perfrom a task.
A BCI system that incorporates brain activities from multiple tasks where sets of users compete with each other, with the system determining the winner based on the quality or speed of each party's neural signals.
A BCI system that uses brain signals that depend on muscle activity (such as eye movements or facial muscles) to generate the necessary signals for control.
A BCI system that is designed to communicate with human Brain
A BCI system that combines two or more BCI paradigms or integrates brain signals with other physiological signals (such as eye movements or heart rate) to improve accuracy and control.
A BCIsystem that does not rely on the brain's natural output pathways (such as peripheral nerves and muscles). Control is generated entirely through mental activity without requiring physical
A BCI system in which neural activities are recorded using a surgically implanted device. It involves placing sensors directly into the brain tissue to capture high-resolution signals from individual neurons.
A BCI system that enables several users to communicate with it
A BCI system in which neural activities are recorded using sensors that rest outside the skull (on the scalp), requiring no surgery or implanted devices.
An invasive BCI system in which neural activities are recorded by sensors that are implanted inside the skull and rest outside the brain tissue (typically on the surface of the cerebral cortex
A BCI system that monitors spontaneous (involuntary) brain activity to assess the user's mental or emotional state (e.g., fatigue, focus, or stress) without the user trying to issue any commands.
A BCI system that relies on brain responses (reactions) to external stimuli, such as flashing lights or sounds.
A BCI system that captures and decodes neural signals related to user thoughts intended to be articulated but which cannot be vocalized, translating them into text or synthetic speech.