Browse All Terms

Unwanted power in certain frequency bands (e.g., excessive line noise or artifact power) degrading signal quality.

A filter that blocks frequencies within a specific range.

Ensuring that BCI development leads to real benefits for individuals and society.

A measurement of the speed at which information is transferred from the subject to the processing unit.

Percentage of experimental instructions or tasks correctly completed by subjects, indicating protocol adherence.

Technique ensuring all possible orders of experimental conditions are tested to control for order effects.

The potential for neurotechnologies to be used for either beneficial or harmful purposes, intentionally or otherwise.

The electrical resistance and reactance at the interface between the electrode and the skin, which affects signal quality and stability.

An optical brain monitoring technique that uses near-infrared light for the purpose of functional neuroimaging, by measuring hemoglobin concentration changes associated with neural activity.

A filter that allows frequencies above a certain cutoff to pass and attenuates lower frequencies.

Dense grid of electrodes for capturing high-resolution spatial patterns of brain activity (applied in EEG, ECoG, or MEA designs).

A specialized amplifier that accurately amplifies the small differential signals from electrodes while rejecting common-mode noise.

A recursive algorithm for estimating and predicting noisy time-series signals, suitable for smooth BCI control.

A filter that allows frequencies below a certain cutoff to pass and attenuates higher frequencies.

An invasive device composed of numerous microscopic electrodes designed to be implanted directly into the brain's cortex.[2, 29] MEAs offer the highest spatial resolution of any BCI modality, capable of recording the action potentials (spikes) of individual neurons or small neuronal populations, which provides the fine-grained information necessary for complex control tasks like operating a multi-fingered robotic hand.[13, 30]

An ethical principle requiring the avoidance of harm to research participants or users.

A positive event-related potential caused by a cognitive process, appearing approximately 300 milliseconds after a stimulus.

A measure that quantifies phase synchrony or the consistency of the phase difference between two signals, specifically designed to be invariant to common sources.

Formal procedures aimed at protecting user safety.