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Assignment of subjects or sessions to conditions in a random manner to reduce bias.

A neural coding scheme where information is encoded in the frequency or rate of neuronal action potentials.

A BCI system that relies on brain responses (reactions) to external stimuli, such as flashing lights or sounds.

A slow build-up of electrical potential in the brain that precedes a person's voluntary movement. It's a key signal for BCIs that aim to predict movement intention.

An architecture specialized for time-series analysis, often used for dynamic decoding of time-varying neural signals.

A stable electrode or signal used as the baseline comparison point for measured neural signals.

Techniques aimed at preventing overfitting and ensuring model generalization in BCIs.

Using neurological techniques to stimulate neurological recovery or restore motor and cognitive functions.

Reward-based training where a model learns to optimize performance based on feedback and neural responses.

Baseline acquisition without task engagement used for calibration and comparison.

Positive reinforcement delivered to motivate neural adaptation and learning during BCI training sessions.

Protection from any manipulation of or interference with brain activity without explicit consent.