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A specific type of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) that is evoked by tactile stimuli, such as touch or vibration.

Feedback given via physical sensations (e.g., vibration, touch) to enhance awareness or control in BCI tasks.

The time interval between successive target stimuli during an experiment, affecting attention and response.

An explicit prompt (auditory or visual) instructing the subject what mental or motor activity to perform.

he use of digital technology to deliver healthcare services remotely.

The use of telecommunications technologies to deliver medical, diagnostic, and treatment-related services.

Observing how the amplitude or value of the neural signals changes as a function of time.

Features derived from changes or patterns in neural signal amplitude over time (e.g., peak latency, duration).

Numeric features directly calculated from signal amplitude fluctuations over time.

Combined temporal and spectral decomposition for understanding dynamic neural patterns.

Visual representation of spatial brain activation (e.g., EEG scalp map).

A non-invasive neuromodulation technique that uses a powerful magnetic coil placed against the scalp to induce a small, localized electrical current in the underlying brain tissue.[90] This induced current can temporarily excite or inhibit neural activity in the targeted cortical region, making TMS a valuable tool for both neuroscience research and as a therapeutic treatment for conditions such as depression.[91, 92]

Noninvasive method using magnetic fields for stimulating neural tissue, integrated with BCIs for therapy or research.

A device that converts brain signals into electrical signals (for recording) or vice versa (for stimulation).

Reusing models pre-trained on one user or dataset to enhance decoding performance in another, reducing calibration time.

A machine learning technique where a model trained on one user or session is adapted for use on a new user or session. This helps to significantly reduce calibration time.

A visual evoked potential that occurs at a relatively low rate, where the neural response appears as a discrete pulse for each individual stimulus.

Making information clear and understandable for all involved parties.

A specific instance of a procedure or task performed by a subject during a session

A specific period during which a subject engages in study activities