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A sequence of action potentials (spikes) that a single neuron produces over time.

Numerical measures (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, etc.) that describe key characteristics of signal data.

An auditory evoked potential in response to repetitive audio stimuli. It is produced when the auditory system is stimulated at a rapid and constant rate, generating a continuous oscillatory response that matches the stimulus frequency.

A somatosensory evoked potential measured during selective attention tasks, generated by repetitive tactile stimuli (like mechanical vibration) at a constant frequency.

A visual evoked potential in response to repetitive stimuli with a light source flickering at a constant frequency.

An event or signal presented to the subject to elicit a specific response, used to make inferences about various cognitive processes.

Directional, causal influence among neural signals estimated by models like Granger causality.

An imaging technique used to study the physical anatomy of the brain. It provides high-resolution images of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid, allowing for the measurement of tissue volume and cortical thickness.

A person about whom an investigator obtains information for study and analysis.

Ultra-sensitive magnetometers used in MEG systems to detect extremely weak magnetic fields generated by neuronal activity.

A type of ML that uses labeled datasets to train models for prediction or classification tasks.

A classic supervised learning algorithm used to separate mental states via optimal separating hyperplanes.

A BCI system that operates within predefined time windows, where the user must issue commands only when prompted by the system (based on a specific cue or trigger).