Browse All Terms

Design frameworks or experimental approaches used to study brain responses and behavior in specific situations.

An invasive BCI system in which neural activities are recorded by sensors that are implanted inside the skull and rest outside the brain tissue (typically on the surface of the cerebral cortex

A BCI system that monitors spontaneous (involuntary) brain activity to assess the user's mental or emotional state (e.g., fatigue, focus, or stress) without the user trying to issue any commands.

Electrodes that lack a built-in amplifier, transmitting the raw neural signal directly to the main BCI system.

EEG feature identifying the frequency at which maximum signal power occurs, often related to cognitive states.

Algorithms or protocols that tailor stimulation patterns or feedback modalities to the individual’s neural characteristics.

A measure that quantifies phase synchrony or the consistency of the phase difference between two signals, specifically designed to be invariant to common sources.

A measure that quantifies the consistency of the phase difference between two signals over time.

EEG feature describing the relationship between the phase of low-frequency and amplitude of high-frequency oscillations.

Assurance that the BCI systems and its associated procedures will not cause physical harm to the user.

Observable and quantifiable bodily responses, particularly in neural activity patterns, due to perceived stressors, challenges, or strains.

Sequential operations for filtering, feature extraction, and artifact removal in neural data.

Imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to visualize brain metabolism and function at a molecular level.

EEG feature measuring the distribution of power across frequency bands, useful for analyzing neural rhythms.

Initial set of techniques used to clean and standardize raw neural signals before advanced analysis (e.g., filtering, normalization).

The level of understanding and awareness of neuroethical issues among developers, clinicians, and users.

component that interprets signals received from the brain.

Feedback using sensations of body position or movement, often used in motor rehabilitation BCIs for more natural control.

A set of organized procedures or rules that are followed during the conduct of an experiment or data collection to ensure consistency and reliability in the results.