Browse All Terms

The first stage of the BCI pipeline, which involves measuring the brain's raw physiological signals using a specific sensor modality.[3, 45] This process includes amplifying the very weak neural signals to a usable level, converting them from analog to digital form, and transmitting them to a computer for processing.[25]

The transformation, extraction, and classification of brain signals to interpret the user's intent and control an external device.

A measure quantifying the strength of the neural signal relative to background noise.

Nuclear imaging method detecting gamma rays to provide 3D functional information of brain blood flow and activity.

Experimental design where all data is acquired from a subject within a single session.

Signal acquisition from individual neurons via microelectrodes.

An evoked potential in response to a tactile or proprioceptive stimulus.

Reconstruction of neural signal origins using inverse modeling techniques.

Computing the physical layout or spatial distribution of brain activity as measured by sensors

Features that reflect the distribution or pattern of neural activity across multiple electrodes or brain regions.

Technique to enhance or isolate neural signals from specific brain regions, such as Laplacian or CSP filters.

EEG feature evaluating the functional connectivity between two brain regions by measuring frequency synchronization.

A BCI system that captures and decodes neural signals related to user thoughts intended to be articulated but which cannot be vocalized, translating them into text or synthetic speech.

A measure of the average firing rate of a neuron in a specific time interval

A sequence of action potentials (spikes) that a single neuron produces over time.

Numerical measures (mean, variance, kurtosis, skewness, etc.) that describe key characteristics of signal data.

An auditory evoked potential in response to repetitive audio stimuli. It is produced when the auditory system is stimulated at a rapid and constant rate, generating a continuous oscillatory response that matches the stimulus frequency.

A somatosensory evoked potential measured during selective attention tasks, generated by repetitive tactile stimuli (like mechanical vibration) at a constant frequency.

A visual evoked potential in response to repetitive stimuli with a light source flickering at a constant frequency.

An event or signal presented to the subject to elicit a specific response, used to make inferences about various cognitive processes.