Browse All Terms

Directional, causal influence among neural signals estimated by models like Granger causality.

An imaging technique used to study the physical anatomy of the brain. It provides high-resolution images of white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid, allowing for the measurement of tissue volume and cortical thickness.

A person about whom an investigator obtains information for study and analysis.

Ultra-sensitive magnetometers used in MEG systems to detect extremely weak magnetic fields generated by neuronal activity.

A type of ML that uses labeled datasets to train models for prediction or classification tasks.

A classic supervised learning algorithm used to separate mental states via optimal separating hyperplanes.

A BCI system that operates within predefined time windows, where the user must issue commands only when prompted by the system (based on a specific cue or trigger).

A specific type of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) that is evoked by tactile stimuli, such as touch or vibration.

Feedback given via physical sensations (e.g., vibration, touch) to enhance awareness or control in BCI tasks.

The time interval between successive target stimuli during an experiment, affecting attention and response.

An explicit prompt (auditory or visual) instructing the subject what mental or motor activity to perform.

he use of digital technology to deliver healthcare services remotely.

The use of telecommunications technologies to deliver medical, diagnostic, and treatment-related services.

Observing how the amplitude or value of the neural signals changes as a function of time.

Features derived from changes or patterns in neural signal amplitude over time (e.g., peak latency, duration).

Numeric features directly calculated from signal amplitude fluctuations over time.

Combined temporal and spectral decomposition for understanding dynamic neural patterns.

Visual representation of spatial brain activation (e.g., EEG scalp map).

A non-invasive neuromodulation technique that uses a powerful magnetic coil placed against the scalp to induce a small, localized electrical current in the underlying brain tissue.[90] This induced current can temporarily excite or inhibit neural activity in the targeted cortical region, making TMS a valuable tool for both neuroscience research and as a therapeutic treatment for conditions such as depression.[91, 92]

Noninvasive method using magnetic fields for stimulating neural tissue, integrated with BCIs for therapy or research.